Friday Sermon

20 September 2019

Men of Excellence

After reciting the Tashahud, Ta‘awuz, and Surah al-Fatihah, Hazrat Khalifatul Masih V^aa stated: 

In this series of the accounts of the lives of the Badri companions, I will begin today with the account of Hazrat Yazid^ra bin Ruqaish. Hazrat Yazid^ra belonged to the Banu Asad bin Khuzaimah tribe of the Quraish. Hazrat Yazid^ra was a confederate of the Banu Abd ash-Shams (Al-Sirat al-Nabawiyyah li Ibn Hisham, p. 460, Dar-ul-Kutub al-Ilmiyyah, Beirut, 2001). Some have also reported his name as Arbad, however, this is incorrect. (Usdul Ghaba, Vol. 5, p. 452, Yazid^ra bin Ruqaish, Dar-ul-Kutub al-Ilmiyyah, Beirut, 2008)

Hazrat Yazid’s^ra father’s name was Ruqaish bin Riyab and his title was Abu Khalid. Hazrat Yazid^ra participated in all of the battles alongside the Holy Prophet^sa, including the battles of Badr, Uhud and Khandaq.

Hazrat Yazid^ra killed Amr bin Sufyan during the Battle of Badr, who was a member of the Tay tribe. (Al-Tabaqaat-ul-Kubra li ibn Sa‘d, Vol. 3, p. 50, Yazid^ra bin Ruqaish, Dar-e-Ihyaa Al-Turath Al-Arabiy, 1996) (Al-Sirat al-Nabawiyyah li Ibn Hisham, p. 480, Dar-ul-Kutub al-Ilmiyyah, Beirut, 2001)

One of Hazrat Yazid’s^ra brother’s name was Hazrat Saeed^ra bin Ruqaish, who migrated from Mecca to Medina along with his family and is counted among the foremost Muhajireen [those Muslims who migrated from Mecca to Medina]. (Usdul Ghaba, Vol. 2, p. 475, Saeedbin Ruqaish, Dar-ul-Kutub al-Ilmiyyah, Beirut, 2008)

One of Hazrat Yazid’s^ra brother’s name was Hazrat Abd ar-Rahman^ra bin Ruqaish, who participated in the Battle of Uhud. (Al-Tabaqaat-ul-Kubra li ibn Sa‘d, Vol. 4, p. 370, Yazid^ra bin Ruqaish, Dar-e-Ihyaa Al-Turath Al-Arabiy, 1996)

One of Hazrat Yazid’s^ra sister’s name was Hazrat Aminah^ra bint Ruqaish, who accepted Islam early on in Mecca. She also migrated to Medina along with her family. (Al-Tabaqaat-ul-Kubra li ibn Sa‘d, Vol. 3, p. 371, Yazid^ra bin Ruqaish, Dar-e-Ihyaa Al-Turath Al-Arabiy, 1996)

Hazrat Yazid^ra passed away on the occasion of the Battle of Yamama in 12 AH. (Al-Tabaqaat-ul-Kubra li ibn Sa‘d, Vol. 3, p. 50, Yazid^ra bin Ruqaish, Dar-e-Ihyaa Al-Turath Al-Arabiy, 1996)

Although I have previously given brief details of this battle, but some further details are as follows: 

The Battle of Yamama took place in 11 AH during the Khilafat of Hazrat Abu Bakr^ra. According to some historians, it took place in 12 AH. This battle was fought against Musailamah Kazzab at a place called Yamama. Hazrat Abu Bakr^ra sent an army under the leadership of Hazrat Ikramah^ra bin Abi Jahl to fight Musailamah. He also sent another army under the leadership of Hazrat Shurahbeel^ra bin Hasanah in order to assist him. Hazrat Ikrimah^ra entered into battle before the arrival of Hazrat Shurabeel^ra so that victory could be attributed to him, however, he was defeated by Musailamah. When Hazrat Shurahbeel^ra came to know of this defeat, he set up camp on the way. Hazrat Ikramah^ra wrote to Hazrat Abu Bkar^ra and informed him of the incident. Hazrat Abu Bakr^ra replied:

“We should not meet one another under these circumstances and you should also not return to Medina in this current state lest it spread cowardice among the people, rather you should take your army to fight against the rebels from among the people of Oman and Mahra. After that, you should go and fight against the rebels of Yemen and Hadramaut.”
Hazrat Abu Bakr^ra wrote to Hazrat Shurahbeel^ra saying, “You should remain where you are until Hazrat Khalid^ra bin Waleed arrives.” Hazrat Abu Bakr^ra deployed Hazrat Khalid^ra in order to fight Musailamah Kazzab and sent a large party of Muhajireenand Ansarwith him. The leader of the party of the Ansar was Hazrat Sabit^ra bin Qais while the leader of the party of the Muhajireen was Hazrat Abu Huzaifah^ra and Hazrat Zaid^ra bin Khattab. Hazrat Shurahbeel^ra started to fight Musailamah before the arrival of Hazrat Khalid^ra and was defeated. Hazrat Abu Bakr^ra sent further reinforcement under the leadership of Hazrat Saleet^ra to assist Hazrat Khalid^ra to prevent any attack from behind the armies.

Hazrat Abu Bakr^ra used to say:

“I do not wish to utilise the Badri companions. I want to leave them in a state that they meet Allah the Almighty while peacefully observing righteous deeds. Allah the Almighty can remove far greater difficulties and hardships than even this simply due to their blessings and the blessings of other pious individuals, and as a result they do not physically need to help.”

Nevertheless, they also participated due to the compelling circumstances at the time. However, the opinion of Hazrat Umar^ra was in contrast to this and he would utilise the Badri companions for the army etc. In any case, the size of the Muslim army in this battle was 13,000, whereas the size of Musailamah’s army is stated as 40,000.

A man by the name Nahaar-ur-Rijaal bin Unfuwa was with Musailamah Kazzab. He once came to the Holy Prophet^sa and learnt the Holy Quran and religious matters. The Holy Prophet^sa sent him to the people of Yamama as a religious teacher in order to refute Musailamah Kazzab’s claim to prophethood. When he went there, he became an apostate and bore testimony to the fact that he had heard the Holy Prophet^sa say; (which was a false testimony) that Musailamah had, God forbid, been made a prophet alongside him.

Nonetheless, when people abandon religion even today, it is their custom to level such false and incorrect allegations. In any case, the apostasy of this individual had much more negative impact on Musailamah’s tribe of Banu Hanifa in comparison to Musailamah’s claim to prophethood. The reason for this was that he had been sent for their moral training and people were also influenced by him. At the time when he said such things, Musailamah’s claim to prophethood was not very impactful. However, people began to be influenced after he made these statements. Everyone accepted his testimony and subsequently began to obey Musailamah. Furthermore, they said to him that he should write a letter to the Holy Prophet^sa stating that if he did not obey him, they would support him in opposing the Holy Prophet^sa. This treacherous claim of theirs was in fact the fundamental reason for war.

In the incident that is being mentioned, Hazrat Abu Bakr^ra sent Hazrat Khalid^ra to fight Musailamah. It is stated that when Musailamah became aware of the fact that Hazrat Khalid^ra was approaching, he set up his camp in the area of Uqraba and called people for his support. People started coming to him in great numbers. In the meantime, Muja’a bin Murara set out with a party, which was captured by the Muslims. Hazrat Khalid^ra killed Muja‘a’s companions and kept Muja‘a alive. He had set out for war as he was a reputable individual among the tribe of Banu Hanifa. Their leader was not killed, but instead he was made a prisoner.

When he was captured, Musailamah’s son, Shurahbeel, incited their tribe and said:

“If you are defeated today, your women will be made into bondswomen and they will be taken advantage of without entering into marriage. Therefore, today, you must show absolute courage for the sake of your honour and dignity and you must protect your women.”

Nevertheless, the war broke out; the flag of the Muhajireen was carried by Hazrat Salim^ra, the freed slave of Huzaifah^ra, but before him taking the flag, it was with Abdullah bin Hafs, who was martyred. The flag of the Ansar was carried by Hazrat Sabit^ra bin Qais. A fierce battle ensued, the likes of which the Muslims had not experienced before. The Muslims retreated during this battle and the people of Banu Hanifa advanced in order to free Muja‘a, who had been imprisoned by Hazrat Khalid^ra. Subsequently, they marched and advanced towards the camp of Hazrat Khalid^ra bin Waleed. At that time, the wife of Hazrat Khalid^ra was inside the camp. These people intended to kill Hazrat Khalid’s^ra wife, upon which Muja‘a said that he had granted her protection and he prevented them from killing her. Muja‘a then told them to attack the men, upon which they advanced ahead. The battle intensified once again and all of the tribes of Banu Hanifa launched a ferocious attack. During this battle, at times the Muslims had the upper hand, but then at other times, the disbelievers would gain ascendency in the battle. Honourable companions such as Hazrat Salim^ra, Hazrat Abu Huzaifah^ra and Hazrat Zaid^ra bin Khattab were martyred during this battle. When Hazrat Khalid^ra observed this state of the Muslims, he ordered each tribe to group together, in order to assess the situation and gauge where the Muslims were being attacked from. Similarly, they re-arranged the army rows for battle upon which the Muslims began to say to one another that on this day, they feel ashamed to retreat. In other words, they felt humiliated upon witnessing their condition.

Muslims had not faced a greater difficulty than this day. Musailamah was still in his place and was the central figure for the disbelievers. Hazrat Khalid^ra realised that until Musailamah had not been not killed, the war would not come to an end. Subsequently, Hazrat Khalid^ra advanced forward and requested to fight in the form of duels by raising the slogan of “Ya Muhammada” which was the tradition during the battle in those days. Subsequently, whoever accepted the challenge and stepped into the battlefield was killed, which became a catalyst for the Muslims. Following this, Hazrat Khalid^ra called out for Musailamah, however, he did not step forward and ran away. He was compelled to seek refuge in his orchard along with his companions and he sealed the doors of this orchard. The Muslims encircled the orchard and Hazrat Bara^ra bin Malik said, “O Muslims! Lift me over the wall and into the orchard.” He was a very brave and courageous individual. The Muslims replied that they were unable to do so. However, Hazrat Bara^ra did not accept this and insisted that they ought to get him into this orchard. Hence, the Muslims helped him in climbing the wall of the garden to enter it, and he opened the gate from inside.

The Muslims entered the orchard, and another fierce battle took place. Wahshi killed Musailamah. Wahshi is the same person who had martyred Hazrat Hamzah^ra, the uncle of the Holy Prophet^sa. Nevertheless, according to one narration, Wahshi and another Ansari killed Musailamah together. Wahshi launched his spear towards Musailamah, and the Ansari advanced towards Musailamah with his sword. Both of them attacked Musailamah at the same time, and for this reason, Wahshi used to say later, “Only God knows whose attack caused Musailamah’s death.” 

Hazrat Abdullah bin Umar^ra narrates that someone announced in a loud voice, “An African slave has killed Musailamah.” Therefore, it is very likely that Wahshi killed him. 

Hazrat Khalid^ra found out about the location of Musailamah’s body through Muja‘a. Muja‘a said to Hazrat Khalid^ra:

“The people who came to fight with the Muslims were impetuous and inexperienced. However, currently the fort is full of skilful soldiers. You should agree to a treaty with me on their behalf. The Muslims would incur a greater loss if a battle was to ensue now.”

He sought to deceive them and Hazrat Khalid^ra entered a treaty with Muja‘a on the condition that the Muslims would spare their lives and nothing will be said to them, and they would not be taken as prisoners. However, the Muslims would gain all of their possessions. Muja‘a, who was a shrewd individual, stated, “I will go to the people of the fort and will return after seeking their opinion on this matter.” Musailamah had already been killed, which had weakened the strength of the opposition, however, Muja‘a’s shrewdness benefited the disbelievers.

Upon entering the fort, he found no one other than women, children, elderly and the weak. He planned a deceptive move by making the women put on amour and instructed them to stand on the castle walls and raise the slogans for battle until his return. He returned to Hazrat Khalid^ra and stated:

“The people of the fort did not agree to the condition on which you based our treaty (which was that their lives would be spared but the Muslims would take all their possessions). Some of them are expressing their disagreement visibly on the castle walls. I cannot take responsibility for their actions as they are not in my control.”

When Hazrat Khalid^ra looked towards the castle, he observed that its walls were lined with soldiers. These in fact were women who were dressed as soldiers as a part of his scheme. The Muslims had suffered great losses during this battle which had become prolonged. The Muslims desired to swiftly return after their victory. Hence, Hazrat Khalid^ra agreed to a treaty on the condition that the possession of all the gold, silver, livestock and half of the female and male slaves would be given to them. According to one narration, he agreed to the treaty on the condition of a quarter of the prisoners.

In this battle, 360 Muhajireen and Ansar from Medina were martyred. Aside from those from Medina, 300 Muhajreen were martyred. From the Banu Hanifa tribe, 7,000 disbelievers were killed in the plains of Aqraba, 7,000 were killed in the orchard and 7,000 people who ran away from the orchard were killed in the chase after them. When this army returned to Medina, Hazrat Umar^ra enquired from his son, Hazrat Abdullah^ra, “Why did you not attain martyrdom before Zaid^ra? Zaid^ra has been martyred and you are still alive. Why did you not hide your face from me?” Hazrat Abdullah^ra replied, “Hazrat Zaid^ra prayed for martyrdom from Allah the Almighty and He bestowed it upon him. I also sought after it but was not successful.”

In the same year, after a large number of Companions were martyred in the battle of Yamama, Hazrat Abu Bakr^ra ordered for the Holy Quran to be collated at one place, in order to preserve it. These were the details regarding the Battle of Yamama. (Al-Kamil Fi Al-Tarikh, Vol. 2, pp. 218-223, Dar-ul-Kutub Al-Ilmiyyah, Beirut, 2006), (Tarikh Al-Tabari, Vol. 2, pp. 300-310, Dar-ul-Fikr, Beirut, 2002), (Tarikh ibn Khuldoon, Vol. 3, pt. 1, p. 231, Dar-ul-Ishaat, Karachi, 2003)

Now I shall speak about a companion named Hazrat Abdullah^ra bin Makhrama. His title was Abu Muhammad, and he belonged to the Banu Aamir bin Lui tribe. He was also called Abdullah Akbar as well. He was one of the companions who accepted Islam early on. His father’s name was Makhrama bin Abdul Uzza and his mother’s name was Bahnana bint Safwan. In regard to his children, it is mentioned that one of his son, Masahik who was the son of Zainab bint Suraqa, the wife of Hazrat Abdullah^ra bin Makhrama. 

Hazrat Abdullah^ra bin Makhrama was among those companions who accepted Islam in its early days. He had the honour of migrating twice, one migration was towards Abyssinia and the second one towards Medina. Ibn-e-Ishaaq has mentioned Hazrat Abdullah^ra bin Makhrama among those companions who migrated to Abyssinia with Hazrat Jafar^ra. Yunus bin Bukair, Salma and Bukai have recorded this saying of Ibn-e-Ishaaq in which there is mention of Hazrat Abdullah^ra bin Makhrama’s migration to Abyssinia.

After migrating to Medina, Hazrat Abdullah^ra bin Makhrama resided in the house of Hazrat Khulthum^ra bin Hidam. The Holy Prophet^sa established a bond of brotherhood between Hazrat Abdullah^ra bin Makhrama and Hazrat Farwah^ra bin Amr Ansari. Hazrat Abdullah^ra bin Makhrama participated in the Battle of Badr as well as all the battles that took place after. He was 30 years old at the time of the Battle of Badr. When he was martyred at the Battle of Yamama, during the Khilafat of Hazrat Abu Bakr^ra, at that time he was 41 years old. (Al-Tabaqaat-ul-Kubra li ibn Sa‘d, Vol. 3, pp. 308-309, Dar-ul-Kutub al-Ilmiyyah, Beirut, 1990), (Usdul Ghaba, Vol. 3, pp. 377-388, Atiyyah bin Nuwairah^ra, Dar-ul-Kutub al-Ilmiyyah, Beirut, 2008)

Hazrat Abdullah^ra bin Makhrama had an extraordinary level of passion to attain the status of martyrdom. He would pray to God Almighty that he remain alive until he had witnessed a wound on every joint of his body in the way of God Almighty. Subsequently, during the Battle of Yamamah, he suffered injuries on many of his joints as a result of which he attained the status of martyrdom. (Al-Isaba Fi Tamyeez Al-Sahaba, Vol. 4, p. 193, Dar-ul-Fikr, Beirut, 2001)

Hazrat Abdullah^ra bin Makhrama was extremely devoted to worship and would fervently pray even in his youth. Hazrat Ibn Umar^ra relates:

“In the year in which the Battle of Yamamah took place, Hazrat Abdullah^ra bin Makhrama, Hazrat Salim^ra, who was the freed slave of Hazrat Abu Hudhaifah^ra, and I were all together. All three of us would take turns to graze the goats and we also had to stand guard for protection of the provisions for the army. It was my turn to graze the goats on the day the Battle of Yamamah began. When I returned from grazing the goats, I saw Hazrat Abdullah^ra bin Makhrama wounded and lying on the ground of the battlefield. I stood by him and he said, ‘O Abdullah bin Umar^ra! Have those who are fasting ended their fast?’ (it was evening). I replied in the affirmative upon which he asked for some water to be poured into his shield, so that he could break his fast.’”

Thus, even during the battle, he was observing the fast. Hazrat Abdullah^ra bin Umar states that he went to fetch some water but when he returned, Hazrat Abdullah^ra bin Makhrama had passed away. (Usdul Ghaba, Vol. 3, p. 377, Abdullah^ra bin Makhrama, Dar-ul-Kutub al-Ilmiyyah, Beirut, 2008), (Sair Al-Sahaba, Vol. 2, p. 570, Abdullah^ra bin Makhrama, Dar-Isha’at, Karachi)

The next companion I will mention is Hazrat Amr^ra bin Ma‘bad. Hazrat Amr^ra bin Ma‘bad’s name is also reported as Umair^ra bin Ma‘bad. His father’s name was Ma‘bad bin Az‘ar. Hazrat Amr^ra bin Ma‘bad belonged to the Banu Zubaya branch of the Aus tribe of the Ansar. (Al-Sirat al-Nabawiyyah li Ibn Hisham, p. 465, Baab Al-Ansar wa man ma’ahum, Dar-ul-Kutub al-Ilmiyyah, Beirut, 2001)

Hazrat Amr^ra bin Ma‘bad participated in all the battles alongside the Holy Prophet^sa, including the Battle of Badr, Uhud and Khandaq. Hazrat Amr^ra bin Ma‘bad was among the 100 companions who stood their ground during the Battle of Hunain and valiantly fought and as a result of which God Almighty Himself became responsible for their provisions (Al-Tabaqaat-ul-Kubra li ibn Sa‘d, Vol. 3, p. 353, Umair^ra bin Ma’bad Dar-ul-Kutub al-Ilmiyyah, Beirut, 2012). This is because they stood by with the Holy Prophet^sa.

According to one narration, Hazrat Abdullah bin Umar^ra states, “On the day of Hunain, our condition was such that two of the parties among the Muslims retreated and there were not even as much as a hundred people who remained with the Holy Prophet^sa.” (Sunan Al-Tirmidhi, Abwab-ul-Jihad, Hadith no. 1689)

There are varying opinions in relation to the number of companions who remained firmly stood alongside the Holy Prophet^sa. Some estimate that it was between 80 and a 100. (Subul Al-Huda Wa Al-Rishaad, Vol. 5, p. 484, Dar-e-Ihyaa Al-Turath, Cairo, 1992)

However, others state 100, but nonetheless they were very few in number. 

The next companion I will mention is Hazrat Nauman^ra bin Malik. Hazrat Nauman^ra bin Malik’s name has also been mentioned as Nauman bin Qauqal. Imam Bukhari has recorded his name as Ibn Qauqal. Allama Badr-ul-Din Aini, who is a scholar, writes in the commentary of Bukhari that the complete name of Ibn Qauqal was Nauman^ra bin Malik bin Thalaba bin Asram and Qauqal was the title of Thalaba or Asram. Since Hazrat Nauman^ra bin Malik was known by his grandfather, hence he was called Nauman bin Qauqal. (Sahih Bukhari, Kitabun Nikah, Kitab-ul-Jihad Wa Al-Sair, Bab Al-Kafir Yaqtulu Al-Muslim, Hadith no. 2827), (Umdatul Qari, Vol. 14, pp. 182-183, Dar Ihyaa al-Turath al-Arabi, Beirut, 2003)

Hazrat Nauman^ra bin Malik walked with a slight limp. (Marifat-ul-Sahaba Li Ibn Naeem, Vol. 4, p. 317, Dar-ul-Kutub Al-Ilmiyyah, Beirut, 2002)

Hazrat Nauman^ra bin Malik’s father was Malik bin Thalaba and his mother was Amrah bint Ziyad and she was the sister of Hazrat Mujazir^ra bin Ziyad. Hazrat Nauman^ra belonged to the Banu Ghanam branch of the Khazraj tribe from among the Ansar. This tribe was popularly known as Quaqal. According to Ibn Hisham, Hazrat Nauman^ra bin Malik was more commonly known by the name, Nauman Qauqal. Moreover, Ibn Hisham has mentioned that he belonged to the Banu Da‘ad tribe.

Why were they referred to as Qauqal? I explained this in one of the previous sermons that whenever someone sought protection from a leader in Medina, he would be told that he was free to ascend the mountain as he wished – in other words, he had now been granted peace and he was free to live as he wished and could return in a state of comfort and security without any fear or adversity. The individuals who would grant protection were known as Qawaqilah. Ibn Hisham, a historian, states that when these leaders granted refuge to someone, they would hand them an arrow and say they were free to go wherever they desired with the arrow. Hazrat Nauman’s grandfather, Thalaba bin Da‘ad, was referred to as Qauqal as he was from among those who would grant security and protection. Similarly, Ghanam bin Auf, who was the leader of the Khazraj tribe was also referred to as Qauqal and Hazrat Ubadah^ra bin Samit was also known by the title of Qauqal. Banu Salim, Banu Ghanam and Banu Auf bin Khazraj were all known as Qawaqilah. The leader of the Banu Auf tribe was Hazrat Ubadah^ra bin Samit.

Hazrat Nauman^ra bin Malik participated in the Battle of Badr and Uhud and was martyred during the Battle of Uhad by Safwan bin Umaiyyah. According to another narration, Hazrat Nauman^ra bin Malik was martyred by Aabaan bin Saeed. On the day of Uhad, Hazrat Nauman^ra bin Malik, Hazrat Mujazzar^ra bin Ziad and Hazrat Ubadah^ra bin Hishaas were all buried in one grave. (Al-Tabaqaat-ul-Kubra li ibn Sa‘d, Vol. 3, p. 414, Al-Numan bin Malik, Dar-ul-Kutub al-Ilmiyyah, Beirut, 2012) (Usdul Ghaba, Vol. 3, pp. 158-159, Dar-ul-Kutub Al-Ilmiyyah, Beirut, 2008) (Al-Sirat al-Nabawiyyah li Ibn Hisham, p. 560 & p. 468 , Dar-ul-Kutub al-Ilmiyyah, Beirut, 2001) (Umdatul Qari, Vol. 14, p. 182, Dar Ihyaa al-Turath al-Arabi, Beirut, 2003)

When the Holy Prophet^sa left for the Battle of Uhud and had conferred with Abdullah bin Abi Salool, Hazrat Nauman^ra bin Malik said, “O Prophet^sa Allah! By God, I will certainly enter paradise.” The Holy Prophet^sa asked how? Hazrat Nauman^ra replied, “Because I testify that there is none worthy of worship except Allah and you are the messenger^sa of Allah. I will certainly never turn away from the battle.” Upon this the Holy Prophet^sa stated that indeed what he said was the truth. Subsequently, Hazrat Nauman^ra bin Malik attained martyrdom that same day. (Usdul Ghaba, Vol. 5, p. 322, Al-Nauman bin Malik Al-Khazraji, Dar-ul-Kutub Al-Ilmiyyah, Beirut, 2008)

Khalid bin Abu Malik Jadi relates that he found the following narration in his father’s book that Hazrat Nauman^ra bin Qauqal Ansari supplicated, “My Lord, I swear by Your name that I will be walking with my limp in the lush green gardens of paradise before the sun will have set.” Subsequently, he was martyred that very day. Upon this, the Holy Prophet^sa stated, “God Almighty accepted his prayer for I have seen him walking in heaven without any sort of limp or hindrance.” God Almighty informed the Holy Prophet^sa about him through a vision. (Marifat-ul-Sahaba Li Ibn Naeem, Vol. 4, p. 317, Nauman^ra bin Qauqal, Dar-ul-Kutub Al-Ilmiyyah, Beirut, 2002)

Hazrat Abu Hurairah^ra relates that he went to the Holy Prophet^sa while he was in Khaibar and the Companions^ra had already conquered it. He requested the Holy Prophet^sa to also grant him some share [from the spoils of the battle]. One of the sons of Saeed bin Aas said, “O Prophet^sa of Allah! Do not give him any share from it.” Hazrat Abu Hurrairah^ra replied that ibn Saeed bin Aas was the one who was responsible for martyring Nauman^ra bin Qauqal. Ibn Saeed bin Aas replied, “I am astounded that he shows such arrogance towards us yet he himself has just come from grazing his sheep from the mount Zaan.” (Mount Zaan was situated in Tahaamah and was one of the mountains situated where the tribe Dos lived, which was Hazrat Abu Hurrairah^ra’s tribe. They were stood on the top of this mountain.) Ibn Saeed bin Aas further said with great astuteness, “He has come while grazing his sheep and now levels an allegation against me that I killed a Muslim, whom Allah the Almighty granted honour through my hands and did not allow me to perish by his hands.” Sufyan states that he is not aware whether or not the Holy Prophet^sa granted him a share. (Sahih Bukhari, Kitab-ul-Jihad Wa Al-Sair,  Bab Al-Kafir Yaqtulu Al-Muslim, Hadith 2827), (Mu’jamul Buldan, Vol. 2, p. 223)

Hazrat Jabir^ra relates that Hazrat Nauman^ra bin Qauqal came to the Holy Prophet^sa and asked, “O Prophet^sa of Allah! If I observe the obligatory prayers; observe the fasts in the month of Ramadan; declare all that which is unlawful as unlawful and all that which is lawful as lawful and do nothing more than this, will I enter paradise?” The Holy Prophet^sa replied, “Yes”. Upon this he said, “By God, I will not do anything more than this.” (Musnad Ahmad bin Hanbal, Vol. 23, p. 78, Musnad Jabir bin Abdullah, Muasisat-ul-Risala, 2008)

Hazrat Jabir^ra relates that Nauman^ra bin Qauqal entered the mosque on Friday and the Holy Prophet^sa was delivering his sermon. The Holy Prophet^sa stated to him, “O Nauman! Offer two Rakats of prayer.”

The concept of offering Sunnah on Friday has also been explained here. Hazrat Nauman^ra entered the mosque while the Holy Prophet^sa was delivering his sermon and told him to offer two Rakats of prayer and to not prolong them. Since the Friday Sermon had already started, therefore he told him to offer them but to keep them short. Thereafter, the Holy Prophet^sa stated, “If any of you arrive [at the mosque] and the Imam is delivering the sermon, you should offer two Rakats of prayer and keep them brief.” (Marifat Al-Sahaba li ibn Naeem, Vol. 4, p. 317, Nauman bin Qauqal Al-Ansari, Dar-ul-Kutub Al-Ilmiyyah, Beirut, 2002)

The next companion to be mentioned is Hazrat Khubaib^ra bin Adi Ansari. Hazrat Khubaib^ra bin Adi Ansari belonged to the Banu Jahjabah of the Aus tribe from among the Ansar. (Usdul Ghaba, Vol. 1, p. 681, Khubaib^ra bin Adi, Dar-ul-Fikr, 2003)

When Hazrat Umair^ra bin Abu Waqas migrated from Mecca to Medina, the Holy Prophet^sa established a bond of brotherhood between him and Hazrat Khubaib^ra bin Adi. (Ayoon Al-Asar, Vol. 1, p. 232, Zikr-ul-Mawakhaat, Dar-ul-Qalam, Beirut, 1993)

Hazrat Khubaib^ra bin Adi took part in the Battle of Badr and killed Harith bin Aamir during the battle. During the Battle of Badr, Hazrat Khubaib^ra bin Adi was appointed to supervise over the army’s possessions. (Sair Al-Sahaba, Vol. 3, pt. 4, p. 309, Iadaara Islamiyaat, Lahore)

Hazrat Khubaib^ra bin Adi was among the delegation involved in the incident of Raji in 4 AH. Hazrat Khubaib^ra bin Adi and Hazrat Zaid^ra bin Dasna were captured by the idolaters, who took them along with them to Mecca and upon reaching, sold both of the companions. Hazrat Khubaib^ra bin Adi was bought by the sons of Harith bin Aamir, so that they could avenge for their father’s death who was killed by Khubaib^ra on the day of Badr.

According to Ibn Ishaaq, Hujair bin Abu Ihaab Tameemi, who was a confederate of the children of Harith, bought Hazrat Khubaib^ra. Uqbah, the son of Harith, bought him from Abu Ihaab, so that he could avenge for his father’s death. It is also reported that Uqbah bin Harith bought Hazrat Khubaib^ra from the Banu Najjar. According to yet another source Abu Ihaab, Ikramah bin Abu Jahl, Akhnath bin Shuraiq, Ubaidah bin Hakeem, the sons of Umaiyyah bin Abu Uthbah Hazarmi and Safwan bin Umaiyyah all bought Hazrat Khubaib^ra. These are all the individuals whose fathers were killed during the Battle of Badr. They all bought Hazrat Khubaib^ra and gave him to Uqbah bin Harith, who then imprisoned him in his home. (Al-Isti‘ab fi Marifat Al-Sahaba, Vol. 2, pp. 23-25, Khubaib^ra bin Adi, Dar-ul-Kutb Al-Ilmiyyah, Beirut, 2002) (Sirat Khatamun-Nabiyyin, Hazrat Mirza Bashir Ahmad^ra, p. 513)

The following details have been mentioned in Bukhari regarding the incident of Raji:

Hazrat Abu Hurrairah^ra relates that the Holy Prophet^sa sent a delegation comprising of ten companions to gather some intelligence and appointed Asim^ra bin Thabit Ansari, who was the maternal grandfather of Asim bin Umar bin Khattab, as the Amir of the delegation. The delegation set off and when they reached Hada‘ah, which is situated between Usfaan and Mecca, someone informed the Banu Lahyan about them, who were part of the Huzail tribe. Upon learning of this news, around two hundred men, who were all archers, set off and began to follow their trail. They pursued them until they reached the place where the delegation had eaten some dates. The delegation of ten people stopped at a location and ate some dates which they brought with them as provisions for the journey from Medina. They ate the dates and threw away the date seeds. The army pursuing them recognised that these dates were from Yathrib, i.e. Medina, and thereafter began to follow their trail.

When Asim^ra and his companions saw them coming after them, they ascended a hillock for protection. The pursuing army surrounded them and asked them to come down, assuring them that if they surrendered themselves over to them, they would not kill any of them. Asim^ra bin Thabit, who was the leader of this delegation, said that if he came down from the mountain then that would mean he came under the protection of a disbeliever and he was not willing to do that. Thereafter, he prayed, “O Allah! Inform Your Prophet^sa of this incident.” The enemy then began to launch arrows and martyred Asim^ra bin Thabit, along with seven others of his companions.

Upon witnessing this, the other three, placing their trust in them, came down. Among these three was Khubaib^ra Ansari, Ibn Dasna^ra and one other person. When they came down, the disbelievers captured them and tied them with the strings of their bows. The third individual among them said that this was their first act of deception and said, “By God, I will not go with you. I find comfort and assurance in the example of those who were martyred before us. I will remain here and so martyr me if you so wish.” They tried to drag him along but he resisted and eventually they martyred him. They then grabbed hold of Khubaib^ra and ibn Dasna^ra and took them away to Mecca where they then sold them. This incident took place after the Battle of Badr. Khubaib was bought by Banu Harith bin Aamir bin Naufal bin Abd Manaf. Khubaib^ra was the one who killed Harith bin Aamir during the Battle of Badr. Khubaib remained as a prisoner with him.

Ibn-e-Shihaab writes, “Ubaidullah bin Ayyadh said to me that the daughter of Harith informed him that once the captors, who had bought Khubaib^ra, decided that they would kill him (i.e. he would be martyred), during that time Khubaib^ra asked for a razor for his personal use.” This is a very famous incident and is often quoted. The daughter of Harith further states:

“During a moment of inattentiveness, one of my children went to Khubaib^ra and he sat the child on his lap. Seeing my child sitting on Khubaib’s lap and the razor in his hand, I became petrified to such an extent that Khubaib^ra realised my fear from my facial expression and said, ‘Do you think that I will kill this child? Do not think this. God-Willing, I shall never commit such an act.’”

The daughter of Harith would often say, “I have never seen a prisoner as good as Khubaib^ra.” She would also say, “By God, on one occasion, I saw a bunch of grapes in the hand of Khubaib^ra and he was picking grapes one by one and eating them, although there was no sign of grapes in Mecca during those days and Khubaib^ra was shackled in strong iron chains.” She says, “I believe that these were heavenly provisions which were granted to Khubaib^ra.”

When the captors took Khubaib^ra to a place outside of the Haram [vicinity of the Ka‘bah] in order to kill him, Khubaib^ra sought permission from them to offer two rakats [unit of prayer] of Salat, to which they agreed. When he had offered his two rakats of prayer, he said: “I desired to prolong my Salat even more, but then I thought that you may assume that I am prolonging my Salat with the intention of deferring death.” Then he prayed to God Almighty saying: “O Allah! Destroy each and every one of them.” Just before they were about to martyr him, he prayed saying: “O Allah! Destroy each and every one of them.” Hazrat Khubaib^ra then recited the following couplet:

وَلَسْتُ اُبَالِيْ حِيْنَ اُقْتَلُ مُسْلِمًا

عَلٰي اَيِّ شِقٍّ کَانَ لِلّٰہِ مَصْرَعِيْ

وَذَالِکَ فِيْ ذَاتِ الْاِلٰہِ وَاِنْ يَّشَأْ

يُبَارِکْ عَلٰي اَوْصَالِ شِلْوٍ مُمَزَّعِ

“When I am being martyred in the cause of Islam as a Muslim, I care not as to which flank I fall upon after being martyred; all of this is for the sake of God; and if my God so wills, He shall bless my every severed limb.”

Allama Hajar Asqalani, who has written a commentary of Sahih Bukhari, writes the following commentary under a Hadith regarding Ghazwah Raji: 

“At the time of his martyrdom, Hazrat Khubaib^ra prayed the following:

اَللّٰهُمَّ أَحْصِهِمْ عَدَدًا

‘O Allah! Take note of each one of these enemies of mine, so that You may deal with them.’” In another narration it is recorded that he also said:

وَاقْتُلْهُمْ بَدَدًا وَلَا تُبْقِ مِنْھُمْ اَحَدًا 

“Kill every single one of them and do not spare anyone from among them.” (Sahih Bukhari, Kitab-ul-Maghazi, Hadith no. 3045) (Fath-ul-Bari, Sahrah Sahih Bukhari Li Imam ibn Hajjar Asqalani, Vol. 7, p. 488, Qadeemi Kutub Khana Maqabil Araam Baagh, Karachi)

Nonetheless, after Hazrat Khubaib^ra had finished offering his prayers, Uqbah, the son of Harith, killed Khubaib^ra and thus he became a martyr. In another narration of Bukhari it is written that Abu Sarawa‘ah killed Hazrat Khubaib^ra. Hazrat Khubaib^ra was the one who established the tradition of offering two rakats of prayer for every Muslim who is killed in captivity.

God Almighty accepted the prayer of Asim^ra bin Thabit which he supplicated on the day he was martyred and subsequently the Holy Prophet^sa then informed his companions about it. As it has already been mentioned, Asim^ra bin Thabit, who was the leader of the party, among whom Hazrat Khubaib^ra was also a part, he prayed to God Almighty to inform the Holy Prophet^sa about their situation. The Holy Prophet^sa informed his companions about the entire incident and the difficulties they had to endure. When the Quraish were informed that Asim^ra had been killed, they sent a group of men to the place where Asim^ra was killed in order to bring back a part of his body whereby he could be recognised. Asim^ra had slain a principal chieftain of the Quraish during the Battle of Badr. However, God Almighty made such provisions that a swarm of hornets acted as a shield over his body and the disbelievers were unable to harm him. God Almighty saved him and they were unable to take back any part of his body. (Sahih al-Bukhari, Kitab-ul-Maghazi, Hadith 4086-4087)

When Hazrat Khubaib^ra was about to be martyred, it is stated that he prayed, “O Allah, I have no means by which to convey my greetings to the Holy Prophet^sa. You alone can convey my greetings to him.” When Hazrat Khubaib^ra stood on the plank he prayed to God Almighty. It is said that when an idolater heard the following prayer of Hazrat Khubaib^ra:

اَللّٰهُمَّ أَحْصِهِمْ عَدَدًا وَاقْتُلْهُمْ بَدَدًا

“O Allah! Take note of every single one of them and then kill each and every one of them”, he jumped to the floor out of fear. It is written that within one year, aside from the person who laid down out of fear, every single one of those who were involved in the killing of Hazrat Khubaib^ra were dead and none of them survived.

Hazrat Muawiyyah^ra bin Abi Sufyan stated, “I was present with my father at that time. When my father heard the prayer of Hazrat Khubaib^ra, he immediately pushed me to the ground.” Urwah has stated this and there are also similar narrations. Another narration of his is that the idlators that were present at that time included: Abu Ihaab, Akhnath bin Shuraiq, Ubaidah bin Hakeem and Umayyah bin Utbah. He further narrates that Angel Gabriel came to the Holy Prophet^sa and informed him about the entire incident, and the Holy Prophet^sa in turn informed the Companions^ra. The Companions^ra said that on that day, the Holy Prophet^sa was seated in a gathering when he said:

وَعَلَيْكَ السَّلَامُ يَا خُبَيْبُ

“O Khubaib^ra! May the peace and blessings of God be upon you.”

He also informed the companions that the Quraish had killed Khubaib^ra. (Fath-ul-Bari, Sahrah Sahih Bukhari Li Imam ibn Hajjar Asqalani, Vol. 7, p. 488, Qadeemi Kutub Khana Maqabil Araam Baagh, Karachi. Hadith no. 4086)

Thus, God Almighty ensured that Khubaib’s greetings of peace were conveyed to the Holy Prophet^sa. This is all mentioned in the commentary of Sahih Bukhari.

When the idolators martyred Hazrat Khubaib^ra, they turned his face away from the direction of the Qibla [towards the Ka‘bah in Mecca]. However, after a short while later, the idolaters saw that his face had turned towards the Qibla again. They would constantly try to turn his face away from the Qibla but they did not succeed and eventually left him the way he was. (Al-Isaba Fi Tamyeez Al-Sahaba, Vol. 2, p. 277, Khubaib^ra bin Adi, Dar-ul-Kutub al-Ilmiyyah, Beirut, 2005)

In another narration it is related that the Quraish hung Khubaib^ra to the branch of a tree and then killed him by repeatedly piercing him with lances. An individual by the name of Saeed bin Aamir was also among the crowd. Afterwards, he became a Muslim and even until the era of Khilafatof Hazrat Umar^ra, whenever he would remember the incident of Khubaib^ra, (he was among the perpetrators, but later accepted Islam) he would be overtaken by a state of swoon. (Sirat Khatamun-Nabiyyin, Hazrat Mirza Bashir Ahmad^ra, pp. 515-516)

There are some other accounts relating to him, but I will mention them another time.

At this time, I would like to make an announcement that the Tarikh-e-Ahmadiyyat department have made a website which is in the Urdu and English language. It contains information about the history of Ahmadiyyat, biographies and events in the lives of those personalities about whom the Jamaat has published literature, for example: The Promised Messiah^as, the Khulafa of Ahmadiyyat, the Companions of the Promised Messiah^as, the martyrs of Ahmadiyyat, the Darvesh of Qadian, and missionaries of the Jamaat as well as other notable personalities in the Jamaat. There are biographies as well as dissertations, articles, memorable photos, all of the volumes of Tarikh-e-Ahmadiyyat that have been published so far, history about the auxiliary organisations as well as history related to various countries and cities, personal memoirs of notable personalities, there are photos of certain tabarrukat [sacred relics] important clippings from newspapers and magazines. There are researched articles and also history related articles, photos from functions of the Jamaat and also Jamaat properties such as: mosques, mission houses, educational institutes, hospitals and dispensaries etc. and as far as possible, a brief introduction to each one has been given. Through a YouTube channel, there are certain rare documentaries of MTA, also on the website there is a timeline of all the important incidents in the history of the Jamaat from its inception up until now. God-Willing, I will launch this website after the Friday prayers.

There is some unfortunate news in that one of our senior missionaries, Saffi-ur-Rahman Khurshid Sahib – who was the son of Hakeem Fazal-ur-Rahman Sahib and served as a missionary in Africa as well as in other places and also as manager of Nusrat Art press – passed away on 16 September at the age of 75, owing to a heart attack.

اِنَّا لِلّٰہِ وَاِنَّا اِلَيْہِ رَاجِعُوْنَ

“To Allah we belong and to Him shall we return.”

I will lead his funeral in absentia. He was the maternal grandson of Hazrat Maulvi Qudratullah Sanauri Sahib^ra, who was a companion of the Promised Messiah^as. Saffi-ur-Rahman Khurshid Sahib’s father had also devoted his life and was a life devotee. On the instructions of Hazrat Musleh-e-Maud^ra, his father oversaw the land in Sindh.

Saffi-ur-Rahman Sahib received his initial education from Rabwah, after which he joined Jamia Ahmadiyya Rabwah in 1961 owing to a dream that his mother saw. He attained the Shahid Degree in 1970. He had two wives, from the first wife he has one daughter and he does not have any children from his second wife. Saffi-ur-Rahman Sahib’s daughter, Roshan Araa, resides here and is the wife of Jameel Ahmad Sahib.

After graduating from Jamia Ahmadiyya, for a short while Saffi-ur-Rahman Sahib served in the Central offices in Rabwah, after which he had the opportunity to serve as the missionary for Chakwal for one year alongside Hazrat Hakeem Abdullah Sahib^ra, who was a companion of the Promised Messiah^as. In 1972 he was sent to Sierra Leone. He stated that when he was leaving for Africa, Hazrat Khalifatul Masih III^rh advised him by saying, “Always show love to the African people.” He said that he always kept this instruction in mind. He also narrated an incident of how God Almighty assisted them. He said that once they travelled to a distant part of Sierra Leone by foot and then by boat, eventually reaching a settlement in the evening. An elderly African gentlemen was also travelling with him. When they reached the settlement they discovered that the chief of the town was not present, therefore, as is the custom over there, they went to visit the chief imam. The chief imam refused to listen to them and told them to leave the village. As night had fallen and they had no place to stay, they began the journey back. He states, “After a short distance from the village we reached a jungle and the terrain was such that the waves of the sea or river would swamp the area.” He further said, “We were walking along and were very anxious when all of a sudden a man who was on high ground called out to us. He gave us shelter in his shack. After a while we heard people calling out for us; when they came closer we heard them calling out for us to come back as the chief imam had called us back. The reason was that the minute we had left the village; he began suffering from a severe migraine and said to call them as perhaps it is due to removing them from the village he was suffering the pain.” Nonetheless, they went back to the village, where the chief imam had gathered the entire members of the village. He says they performed tabligh all night and approximately ten or twelve people accepted Ahmadiyyat. As for the migraine of the chief imam, he says they recited Surah al-Fatihah as dum [reciting a prayer over something for the purpose to heal or cure] and by the grace of Allah, his migraine was cured. In this manner, not only did God Almighty ensure for their stay, but He also granted them Bai‘ats.

Saffi-ur-Rahman Sahib had the opportunity to establish a printing press in Sierra Leone. Hazrat Khalifatul Masih III^rh sent special machines which were installed there. In those days there were difficulties in setting up a printing press, however he established it with great success and Hazrat Khalifatul Masih III^rh would often praise him for this success. He was then sent to Nigeria where he also established a printing press and it ran successfully. It was during this time when an accident took place and Saffi-ur-Rahman Sahib’s finger was dismembered after it was caught in a machine. Despite a lot of treatment, it would not heal. When Hazrat Khalifatul Masih IV^rh came to know of it, he instructed for Saffi Sahib to travel to London for treatment. By the grace of Allah, it then later healed.

When the Raqeem Press was being established here, Hazrat Khalifatul Masih IV^rh instructed him to help with the installation and he was placed on the committee alongside Mustafa Sabit Sahib and Mubarak Saqi Sahib. By the grace of Allah, the press has been established and is running from that time.

He had the opportunity to serve in Africa for 17 years, in Sierra Leone and Nigeria. Then during a tour of Africa in 1988, Hazrat Khalifatul Masih IV^rh instructed him to travel to Cameroon and establish the Jamaat there. He obtained a visa with great difficulty and he spent one month in Cameroon. He was involved in tabligh [propagating the message of Islam] activities his interviews were also broadcast on the radio. During this visit, by the grace of Allah, an entire family converted to Ahmadiyyat. In 1988 he returned to Pakistan and served as a missionary in Lahore. He came to the UK to attend the Jalsa Salana on several occasions and he would serve in the private secretary’s office. From 1991, he served as the manager of Nusrat Art Press, but he suffered a stroke and had been ill for a while, and he also took retirement.

May God Almighty shower His mercy and forgiveness on him; he has one daughter, may God Almighty grant patience and steadfastness to her and also his wife.

(Originally published in Al-Fazl International 11 October 2019, pp. 5-10. Translated by The Review of Religions.)